The Niagara Falls are voluminous waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S.state of New York. The falls are 17 miles (27 km) north-northwest of Buffalo, New York and 75 miles (120 km) south-southeast of Toranto,Ontario, between the twin cities of Niagara falls, Ontario, and Niagara falls, New York..
Niagara Falls is composed of two major sections separated by Goat island: Horseshoe falls, the majority of which—two-thirds according to the US Geological Survey—lies on the Canadian side of the border, and Americal falls on the American side. The smaller Bridal Veils falls are also located on the American side, separated from the main falls by luna island.
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Niagara Falls were formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, the Niagara Falls are very wide. More than 6 million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water falls over the crest line every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average. It is the most powerful waterfall in North America.
The Niagara Falls are renowned both for their beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Managing the balance between recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century.
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